Welcome to Swing Bowling
Swing bowling : In Swing bowling the ball deviates as the ball moves in the air either towards (in swinger) or away (out swinger) from the batsman. Key factor that invokes the swing is the release of the ball in mid air to take a parabolic action rather than dig it in short. Holding the seam position upright is essential to generate swing. Further effort should be to bowl from as close to the stumps with a high arm action and head steady and level. Richard Hadlee's action was found to be closest to perfect bowling action. Anyone taking up swing bowling seriously would do a lot good to review his action in great detail. Do not trade speed for good length at early age as without speed it is not possible to generate decent enough swing and almost no reverse. Further the acceleration in the run up should be gradual. Windy conditions aids swing bowlers. If the wind is blowing east to west it is better to get the best out swing bowler with his out-swing following the wind direction and making it more difficult for the batsmen to negotiate. Deviation in swing bowling is induced by the bowlers whereas in seam bowling the deviation is random and not induced by the bowler.
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Out Swinger : Seam position is held near the traditional slip with the shiny side inside (right) and rough side outside (left). Aerodynamics bring to action laminar air flow on the shiny side and turbulent air flow on the rough side as the turbulent air flow is later than the laminar flow the ball moves in the direction of the turbulent or rough side making the ball move away for the right hander. Bowlers use this delivery to generate false shots - Edge to the wicket keeper or slip region early in the innings by pitching the delivery on or around the off stump and generating enough swing, inducing errors in the batsman's mind - The region around the off stump is also termed as corridor of uncertainty by many players. Key Exponent : Past : Andy Roberts, Kapil Dev, Dennis Lillee, Richard Hadlee, Glenn Mcgrath, Botham, Curtly Ambrose, Allan Donald. Present : Shaun Pollock, BretLee, James Anderson, Jacques Kallis.
In swinger: Seam position is held near the leg slip region with the shiny side out (left) and the rough side inside (right). The flow in this case is turbulent on the right side and movement towards the right hander after pitching. An in swinger becomes potent when it is bowled as an in swinging Yorker. Bowlers use this delivery to great advantage against left handers as the ball would move away for a left hander and induce edges. Also when there is variable bounce, bowling an in swinger to a right hander would get wickets when the ball keeps low and the batsmen in unable to get his bat in time and gets bowled or trapped in front. Otherwise with normal bounce it is far easier to play an in swinger for a new batsman than an outswinger. Key Exponent : Past : Imran Khan, Courtney Walsh, Whispering Death (Michael Holding), Wasim Akram. Present: Shoaib Akhtar, Lasith Malinga, Irfan Pathan, Mathew Hoggard, Makhaya Ntini . Usage of cream and shine is not allowed to polish the ball. To encourage the swing the fielders work on keeping one side of the ball shiny at least for the first fifteen over after which normally it get difficult to generate traditional swing as the ball gets older.
In Dipper: More of a surprise wicket taking delivery when mixed with away going deliveries (out swingers, leg cutters) and bouncers get great results. Instead of bowling from the In-swing grip the ball is held with the fingers sliding more forward over the ball and the seam is used to impart negative top spin. Bowled with similar action of the Inswinging delivery. In-dipping Yorker is difficult to score of in death overs. Batsmen get out by missing the trajectory.Key Exponent: Past : Imran Khan, Wasim Akram, Chaminda Vaas . Present: Irfan Pathan, Ishant Sharma.
Off-cutter: When the ball doesn't swing due to no wind and lack of moisture in the pitch seasoned bowlers bowl off-cutters as stock deliveries and use the rough patches which have cracks developed on them to aid them as the cracks grip the seam and keep the ball from bouncing after pitching. Instead of the swing grip wherein the index and middle finger hold the seam, here the index and middle finger are spread apart, there is a 2 finger gap between the index and middle finger with thumb and middle finger holding the seam, a clockwise rotation is imparted to the ball at the time of delivery making the ball cut towards the right hand batsman. Strategy is to draw the batsmen out and utilize the gap between the bat and pad to bowl thru the gate. Exponents: Past Glenn Mcgrath, Richard Hadlee. Present: James Anderson, Mohammad Asif. Good delivery to bowl for right hander's bowling at left handers when the ball doesn't swing as the ball is angled away inducing the edge from the batsmen and vice versa.
Leg-Cutter: In this case the thumb and the index finger hold the seam and the middle finger is on the right of index finger (2 finger thk. Spread apart). An anticlockwise turn is imparted at the time of delivery making the ball cut away from the right hander after pitching. Good delivery to bowl to right handers as the ball moves away inducing the edge on non supportive pitches for fast bowlers. Turn imparted is less than a leg break bowled by a leg spinner but as the delivery is bowled at a considerable speed it becomes difficult to play a forcing shot as there is a heavy chance to get an edge to the keeper and slip region. Key Exponents : Jeff Thomson, Terry Alderman, Dennis Lillee, Venkatesh Prasad. Present : Steve Harmison, Umar Gul, Abdul razzaq, Jerome Taylor
Reverse Swing : Reverse swing deliveries are bowled with an older ball preferably 40 overs old but now days some international bowlers are able to reverse the ball after 20 overs itself. As the name suggests the ball moves against the normal swing direction, it moves in the direction of polished side.
There are two possible variations. First one being the movement of the delivery in S-form wherein as the ball leaves the hand the movement is away and as the trajectory nears the landing it moves back in sharply and late taking the batsmen by surprise. The other variation is the reverse swing wherein the ball swings a lot more in the direction of the polished side moving further into the right hander and bowled mostly full as reverse in swinging Yorkers.
Waqar Younis, Wasim Akram, Simon Jones were excellent proponents of reverse in swinging yorkers. Hot dry conditions are favourable for generation of reverse swing. Further substantial reverse in generated by bowling as speeds greater than 80-85 MPh. Waqar had huge success with reverse swing, further it was difficult for batsmen to see the seam grip in his case prior to delivery.
Batsmen facing reverse swing bowling is have extremely agile footwork, Key indicators are to watch the wobble on the ball when there is s-reverse, normal away swing the ball moves across the air without wobbling, in case of s-reverse there is a significant wobble in the away movement prior to the incoming movement late in the trajectory. Good players of Reverse Swing: Tendulkar, Lara
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